Financial Calculations & Definitions Spread 1. Definition Spread is the difference between the Ask price (Buy price) and the Bid price (Sell price) of an instrument at a specific moment. Spread represents the immediate transaction cost paid by the client when opening a position. 2. Formula Spread = Ask - Bid Where: Ask — price displayed in the Buy button Bid — price displayed in the Sell button 3. Example Spread is measured in the instrument price unit . For instruments quoted against USD (e.g. USOUSD, WTI, BRENT, BTCUSD): Unit = USD Example: Ask = 72.68 Bid = 72.36 Spread = 72.68 - 72.36 = 0.32 Result: 0.32 USD 4. Configuration Spread is configurable per symbol in CRM. Location: (CRM_URL)/ms/trading/configuration Configuration is done separately for each symbol . Field: Spread Example (from USO/USD configuration): Spread = 0.32 Static used margin Overview Static Used Margin is an optional fixed margin amount that can be applied to a trading position in addition to the standard margin . This value is stored per order and per position and is included in the account’s total used margin calculation . If not specified, static used margin defaults to 0 . Business Purpose Static used margin exists to support cases where standard leverage-based margin alone is insufficient . Purpose Description Regulatory requirements Some jurisdictions require an additional fixed margin per position regardless of leverage. External risk rules Liquidity providers or internal risk engines may require an additional fixed margin component. Product-specific margin models Certain trading products may require a minimum margin per position. Operational risk control Allows manual or automated systems to increase margin requirements for specific trades. Impact on Client Accounts When static used margin is applied: Used margin increases Free margin decreases Margin level decreases Margin call / liquidation may trigger earlier This provides additional risk protection for the platform. Margin Calculation Position Used Margin Formula Used Margin = Leverage Margin + Static Used Margin Where: Leverage Margin Leverage Margin = Position Value ÷ Leverage Example: Parameter Value Position Value €10,000 Leverage 1:10 Leverage Margin €1,000 Static Used Margin €200 Result: Used Margin = 1000 + 200 = €1,200 Defaults Field Default static_used_margin 0 If not set: Used Margin = Leverage Margin Example Scenario A broker introduces minimum margin per trade = €500 . Trade parameters: Parameter Value Position Value €4,000 Leverage 1:20 Leverage Margin: 4000 / 20 = €200 Minimum margin required = €500 Static margin applied: static_used_margin = 300 Final used margin: 200 + 300 = €500 Summary Attribute Description Type Fixed additional margin Level Per position Default 0 Purpose Regulatory / risk / product margin rules Effect Increases used margin and reduces free margin   Take profit / Stop loss - Distances and Validation Overview Take Profit ( TP ) and Stop Loss ( SL ) can be set when: opening a new order modifying an existing order When TP or SL is enabled, the platform: Automatically fills default values Validates minimum distance from the reference price Clears the value if the option is disabled The rules depend on the symbol group . Symbol group Distance type Crypto Percentage Other instruments (Forex, indices, commodities, etc.) Pips / points Symbol Groups The system determines the rule set based on the symbol group . Group Behavior Crypto Percentage-based TP/SL Other groups Pip / point-based TP/SL Default TP / SL Values When a user enables Take Profit or Stop Loss , the system automatically inserts a default value. Asset class Side Default Take Profit Default Stop Loss Crypto BUY Ask + 1% Ask − 1% Crypto SELL Bid − 1% Bid + 1% Other instruments BUY Ask + 100 pips Ask − 100 pips Other instruments SELL Bid − 100 pips Bid + 100 pips Important Defaults are intentionally larger than the minimum allowed distance . This ensures automatically generated TP/SL values are always valid . Minimum Distance TP and SL must be placed at least a minimum distance away from the reference price. Asset class Minimum distance Crypto 0.1% of reference price Other instruments 1 pip The system prevents users from placing TP or SL inside this restricted zone. Validation Rules BUY Orders Rule Take Profit must be above the reference price Stop Loss must be below the reference price Additionally: TP must be at least minimum distance above SL must be at least minimum distance below SELL Orders Rule Take Profit must be below the reference price Stop Loss must be above the reference price Additionally: TP must be at least minimum distance below SL must be at least minimum distance above Reference Price The reference price used for TP/SL calculation depends on context. Context Order type Reference price New order MARKET Current Ask for BUY, Bid for SELL New order LIMIT Limit price entered in the form Modify order MARKET Order execution price Modify order LIMIT Updated limit price (if edited), otherwise existing order price Example Calculations Crypto Example Reference price: BTC = 50,000 Value Result Default TP 50,500 Default SL 49,500 Minimum distance 50 EUR/USD Example Reference price: Ask = 1.0850 Value Result Default TP 1.0950 Default SL 1.0750 Minimum distance 0.0001 USD/JPY Example Reference price: Ask = 150.25 Value Result Default TP 151.25 Default SL 149.25 Minimum distance 0.01 Where These Rules Apply Order Form (New Orders) When creating a new order: Default TP/SL values are inserted when enabled Validation ensures minimum distance rules are respected TP/SL values are cleared when disabled Modify Order When editing an existing order: Default TP/SL values follow the same rules Reference price is based on the order price Validation rules remain identical Key Principles The system follows three main principles: Automatic defaults When TP/SL is enabled, reasonable default levels are provided. Minimum distance protection TP/SL cannot be placed too close to the reference price. Consistency across workflows The same rules apply when creating and modifying orders. Summary Feature Crypto Other Instruments Default TP ±1% ±100 pips Default SL ∓1% ∓100 pips Minimum distance 0.1% 1 pip Reference price Ask / Bid Ask / Bid Defaults are intentionally larger than the minimum allowed distance , ensuring automatically generated TP/SL values always pass validation. Trading Account Metrics This section describes the financial and margin properties displayed in the  trading account panel . These metrics represent the current state of a trader’s account, including capital, open position performance, and margin usage. Displayed properties: Balance On Hold (displayed if exists) Equity Profit Used Margin (displayed if exists) Free Margin Margin Level (displayed if Used Margin exists) Leverage 1. Balance Description Balance represents the total funds in the trading account after all closed operations . Balance reflects realized results only and does not include floating profit or loss from open positions . Opening a position does not change Balance . Balance Changes When deposit is completed withdrawal is completed trade is closed swap is charged commission is charged manual adjustment is made Formula Balance = Deposits + Closed Profits - Closed Losses - Completed Withdrawals - Commissions - Swaps + Adjustments Simplified: Balance = Previous Balance + Realized PnL 2. On Hold Description On Hold represents funds temporarily reserved for pending financial operations , such as withdrawal requests. These funds are excluded from the amount available for trading until the operation is completed or cancelled. Display Rule Displayed only if On Hold > 0 Example Balance = 10 000 On Hold = 3 000 Funds available for trading: Available Balance = 7 000 3. Equity Description Equity represents the current real-time value of the account , including floating profit or loss from open positions. Equity changes continuously as market prices move. It is the primary value used for margin risk calculations . Formula Equity = (Balance − On Hold) + Profit Where: Profit = Floating PnL from open positions 4. Profit Description Profit represents the unrealized profit or loss from open positions . It updates continuously based on market price changes. Positive values represent profit , negative values represent loss . 5. Used Margin Description Used Margin represents the total collateral required to maintain all open positions . Margin is not a cost and does not reduce the account balance. It represents funds temporarily reserved by the trading engine to support open positions. Display Rule Displayed only if Used Margin > 0 Total Used Margin Used Margin = sum(margin of all open positions) 6. Free Margin Description Free Margin represents the amount of funds available to open new positions . Free Margin decreases when: new positions are opened Formula Free Margin = Equity − Used Margin 7. Margin Level Description Margin Level represents the ratio between equity and used margin , expressed as a percentage. It is the primary indicator of account risk and determines when margin call or stop-out conditions occur. Display Rule Displayed only if Used Margin > 0 Formula Margin Level (%) = (Equity / Used Margin) × 100 8. Leverage Description Leverage defines the maximum trading exposure relative to the trader’s capital . Higher leverage reduces the margin required to open positions. Example Leverage = 1:100 Meaning the trader can control: 100 units of market exposure for every 1 unit of capital Account Calculation Relationships The core account metrics are calculated using the following relationships: Profit = Floating PnL Equity = (Balance − On Hold) + Profit Used Margin = sum(position margins) Free Margin = Equity − Used Margin Margin Level (%) = (Equity / Used Margin) × 100 Price Delta Overview Price Delta is a mechanism to simulate controlled price movement for a symbol over a defined time interval. The system: Applies a fixed price shift (in pips) during a selected period Smoothly transitions into and out of this shift Prevents unrealistic instant price jumps This feature is primarily used for: testing trading scenarios simulating volatility validating risk, margin, and liquidation logic Core Concepts 1. Time Range (From / To) Defines the main active interval where the full price change is applied. From — start time of full delta To — end time of full delta During this interval: Price is shifted by the full configured delta 2. Price Delta (Pips) Defines the magnitude of the price change. Positive → price increases Negative → price decreases Formula: Adjusted Price = Base Price ± Delta 3. Smooth Change Steps Defines how many incremental steps are used to gradually apply and remove the delta. Steps are applied: before the main interval after the main interval Prevents sharp jumps in the chart 4. Step Duration Defines how long each smoothing step lasts. Unit: minutes Total smoothing duration = steps × step_duration Full Behavior Model The system consists of 3 phases : 1. Pre-Smoothing Phase Starts before From Price gradually moves from: 0 → full delta 2. Active Phase Between From and To Price remains at: full delta 3. Post-Smoothing Phase Starts after To Price gradually returns: full delta → 0 Example — Correct Timeline Configuration Parameter Value Symbol EUR/USD From 10:00 To 11:00 Delta +100 pips Smooth Steps 10 Step Duration 10 minutes Calculations Smoothing duration: 10 × 10 min = 100 minutes Timeline 08:20 → smoothing starts 10:00 → full +100 pips reached 10:00–11:00 → constant +100 pips 11:00 → smoothing down starts 12:40 → price returns to normal Step Behavior Pre-smoothing 08:20 → +10 pips 08:30 → +20 pips ... 09:50 → +100 pips 10:00 → full delta active Active Phase 10:00 → 11:00 Price = +100 pips Post-smoothing 11:00 → +90 pips 11:10 → +80 pips ... 12:40 → 0 pips Visual Model Price | | ─────────────── (+100 pips) | / \ | / \ |_____/ \______ ↑ ↑ smoothing smoothing start end Important Rules 1. Delta is Absolute Applied relative to current/base price Not cumulative over time 2. Smoothing Applies on Both Sides N steps before From N steps after To 3. No Instant Application The system does NOT support: immediate price override single candle injection All changes must follow: defined timeline + smoothing 4. Time Validity Time must be within: 00:00 – 23:59 If smoothing goes before 00:00 : → it moves to the previous day Edge Cases 1. Smoothing in the Past If: smoothing start time is already in the past Then: steps may be skipped or not applied correctly 2. Zero Steps If: Smooth Steps = 0 Then: instant jump at From instant revert at To 3. Negative Delta Works identically: Delta = -50 pips Result: price decreases smoothly holds lower level returns gradually